Keno Balls

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A set of Finnish keno betting slips
Keno balls for sale

Keno/kn/ is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game by some state lotteries.

Players wager by choosing numbers ranging from 1 through (usually) 80. After all players make their wagers, 20 numbers (some variants draw fewer numbers) are drawn at random, either with a ball machine similar to ones used for lotteries and bingo, or with a random number generator.

Each casino sets its own series of payouts, called 'paytables'. The player is paid based on how many numbers were chosen (either player selection, or the terminal picking the numbers), the number of matches out of those chosen, and the wager.

There are a wide variety of keno paytables depending on the casino, usually with a larger 'house edge' than other games offered by that casino. The house edge ranges from less than 4 percent[1] to over 35 percent.[2] The typical house edge for non-slot casino games is under 5 percent.[3]

History[edit]

The word keno has French or Latin roots (Fr. quine 'five winning numbers', L. quini 'five each'), but by all accounts the game originated in China. Legend has it that the invention of the game saved an ancient city in time of war, and its widespread popularity helped raise funds to build the Great Wall of China. In modern China, the idea of using lotteries to fund a public institution was not accepted before the late 19th century.[4]

Chinese lotteries are not documented before 1847 when the Portuguese government of Macau decided to grant a license to lottery operators. According to some, results of keno games in great cities were sent to outlying villages and hamlets by carrier pigeons, resulting in its Chinese name 白鸽票 báigē piào, literally 'white dove ticket', pronounced baak-gap-piu in Cantonese (on which the Western spelling 'pak-ah-pu' / 'pakapoo' was based).

The Chinese played the game using sheets printed with Chinese characters, often the first 80 characters of the Thousand Character Classic, from which the winning characters were selected.[5][6] Eventually, Chinese immigrants introduced keno to the US in the 19th century,[7] where the name was Westernized into boc hop bu[6] and puck-apu.[5] By 1866, it had already become a widely popular gambling game in Houston, Texas, under the name keno.[8]

Probabilities[edit]

Keno payouts are based on how many numbers the player chooses and how many of those numbers are 'hit', multiplied by the proportion of the player's original wager to the 'base rate' of the paytable. Typically, the more numbers a player chooses and the more numbers hit, the greater the payout, although some paytables pay for hitting a lesser number of spots. For example, it is not uncommon to see casinos paying $500 or even $1,000 for a 'catch' of 0 out of 20 on a 20 spot ticket with a $5.00 wager. Payouts vary widely by casino. Most casinos allow paytable wagers of 1 through 20 numbers, but some limit the choice to only 1 through 10, 12, and 15 numbers, or 'spots' as the numbers selected are known.[9]

The probability of a player hitting all 20 numbers on a 20 spot ticket is 1 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,320.[10]

Even though it is virtually impossible to hit all 20 numbers on a 20 spot ticket, the same player would typically also get paid for hitting 'catches' 0, 1, 2, 3, and 7 through 19 out of 20, often with the 17 through 19 catches paying the same amount as the solid 20 hit. Some of the other paying 'catches' on a 20 spot ticket or any other ticket with high 'solid catch' odds are in reality very possible to hit:

HitsProbability
01 in 843.380
11 in 86.446
21 in 20.115
31 in 8.009
41 in 4.877
51 in 4.287
61 in 5.258
71 in 8.826
81 in 20.055
91 in 61.420
101 in 253.801
111 in 1,423.822
121 in 10,968.701
131 in 118,084.920
141 in 1,821,881.628
151 in 41,751,453.986
161 in 1,496,372,110.872
171 in 90,624,035,964.712
181 in 10,512,388,171,906.553
191 in 2,946,096,785,176,811.500
201 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,320.000

Probabilities change significantly based on the number of spots that are picked on each ticket.

Keno Balls

References[edit]

  1. ^Online Keno odds
  2. ^Shackleford, Michael. 'Keno - Strategy and Odds by The Wizard of Odds'. Wizard of Odds Consulting, Inc. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  3. ^Casino advantages for various games
  4. ^'Keno History'. kenoonline.org. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  5. ^ abMelanie Yap, Dianne Leong Man. Colour, confusion and concessions, pp.240-241.
  6. ^ ab'Chinese Gambling Games; Mysteries of Fan Tan And Boc Hop Bu. Two Popular Games in the Chinese Quarters of American Cities-- Superstitions of the Players. Boc Hop Bu. Superstitions'(PDF). The New York Times. 5 February 1888.
  7. ^History of Keno. Transl. from German, 2017.
  8. ^'The New York Times'. 29 July 1866.Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^'Tutorial - How to play Keno'. Gambling Info. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
  10. ^Mark Bollman (2014). Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon. CRC Press. pp. 40–41. ISBN9781482208931.

Keno Balls For Sale

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Keno&oldid=1005831449'

Keno is quite similar to bingo and lottery and is one of the most popular games of chance which is offered in modern casinos and even in several state lotteries. In traditional casinos, a circular glass enclosure had been used for playing keno. This enclosure is known as a bubble and it contains 80 balls which determine the results of the draw.

How to play keno?

Every ball used in keno is imprinted with numbers ranging from 1 to 80. At the time of drawing, a blower will push air in the enclosure to mix up all the balls. The person in charge of drawing the balls will press a lever which will open a tube where the balls would be lifted one at a time. The callers will life up the balls and draw a total of 20 balls and record the numbers imprinted on them. The players will have to place a bet by marking a spot on their blank ticket which will have 80 numbers printed on time. After all the players have placed their bets, the casino will draw the 20 balls and announce the winning numbers.

In casinos there are several different versions of the game and the choices on the pay scale are known as paytables. Every casino has several different paytables and the players have to choose from these, each of these will have a different house edge. The house edge on keno paytables will range from 4% to as much as 66%.

History of Keno

It is believed that the word Keno had been derived from Latin or French. However, the game had first originated in China. According to legends the invention of the game had been responsible for saving an ancient city at the time of war. The game had been very popular and had helped to raise funds for building the Great Wall of China. However, using lotteries for funding the government had only been accepted in China in the 19th century.

The Chinese lottery named baige piao had been documented only in the 1847 when the license had been granted to operators by the Portuguese government. According to many, the results of the games had been sent to the nearby hamlets and villages through the carrier pigeons at the time which is how the lottery had been named so. The name baige piao kmeans white pigeon tickets in Cantonese.

In the earliest years, the game had been played in China using sheets on which Chinese characters had been printed. These characters had usually been the first 80 characters from the Thousand character classic. It was from these characters that the winning characters used to be selected. Over the years, the immigrants from China introduced the game to the west when they sailed the Pacific for building the railroad in the 19th century. The name of the game had then been westernized and changed.

Ever since then Keno has been widely popular in countries across the world. Today several state lotteries offer Keno tickets to the players for raising money for different government projects.

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